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Ultrasound of the urinary system and the adrenal gland is indispensable in the diagnosis of pathological processes, formations, and tumours in the study area.

Ultrasound of the urinary system involves an examination of all organs. Such a diagnosis is prescribed by a urologist, the procedure is carried out by the transabdominal method, which does not pose a threat to health. Ultrasound of the bladder and other organs is considered the most informative method for the diagnosis of various diseases, including stones, cysts, and neoplasms.

Since the procedure is not harmful, it can be prescribed as many times as necessary to monitor the dynamics of therapy. Before having an ultrasound, it is recommended to first know the ultrasound price in Delhi.

Ultrasound of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder should be performed in the following situations:

• Diagnosis of defects and options for the development and location of these organs;
• Diagnosis of acute and chronic pathology of the urinary system;
• Monitoring the dynamics of the disease and evaluating the effectiveness of its treatment;
• Identification of tumor-like and other volumetric formations of these organs;
• Assessment of the architectonics and intensity of the vascular pattern of the kidneys;
• Assessment of blood supply to volume formations;
• Study of perinephric fiber;
• Determination of accumulations of pathological fluid in the area of ​​localization of the kidneys;
• Control before and during the puncture of the kidneys and tumor formations in the study area;
• Determination of calculi (stones) in the kidneys, bladder, and ureters;
• To diagnose the causes of dysuric (violation of urination) phenomena;
• Assessment of the volume of residual urine;
• Routine inspection (if desired);
• Dispensary observation for diseases of the urinary system;
• Urinary tract injury.

WHAT DISEASES ARE DIAGNOSED IN THE STUDY

An ultrasound of the urinary system helps to identify the following diseases:

• Cystitis;
• Urolithiasis disease;
• Tumors of the kidneys and cysts;
• Kidney carbuncle;
• Bladder diverticulum;
• Omission and atypical position of the kidneys, etc.

Ultrasound of the adrenal gland helps to identify tumors and other volumetric processes in them.

STUDY PREPARATION

Ultrasound of the kidneys, adrenal glands, and ureters is best done on an empty stomach (the last meal should be 6 to 8 hours before the study). Before the study, it is necessary to empty the bladder. In some cases, the doctor, on the contrary, recommends a water load, that is, an ultrasound with a full bladder is performed.

Overweight patients should be prepared for an ultrasound of the urinary system in 2 to 3 days. To reduce gas production, it is recommended to follow a diet (exclude brown bread, dairy products, cabbage and legumes, cereals and jelly) and taking medications that reduce gas formation (espumisan, activated charcoal).

The study of the bladder is carried out only when it is full. For the filling, you need to drink about 1 liter of liquid 1 hour before the study and do not urinate. In the presence of emergency indications, the study of the kidneys, adrenal glands and ureters is carried out without preparation. You can know the ultrasound lower abdomen cost by visiting the best clinic of ultrasound.

Radiology is a medical specialty that includes medical imaging and nuclear medicine (use of radioactive materials to visualize different organs and body structures).

The term radiology by extension designates all diagnostic and therapeutic techniques which use X-rays, or more generally radiation.

In addition to radiography, imaging techniques include:

• The ultrasound
• The scanner or computed tomography (also uses x-ray)
• The pet scan
• The nuclear magnetic resonance
• The scintigraphy, etc.

Discovered at the end of the 19th century, X-rays have the property of passing through tissues (in a variable manner depending on their density) and of printing an image on a photographic plate. Today, the result is generally obtained in the form of a digital image, but the principle remains the same: an X-ray beam is directed towards the region to be examined. Depending on the tissue crossed, the intensity of the beam is modulated and allows an image of the interior of the body to be obtained. Thus, the rays are very absorbed by the bones; they are moderately affected by soft tissue and weakly by fat.

Why use radiology?

Radiology is essential for the diagnosis of many diseases. It also makes it possible to follow their evolution and to intervene to treat various pathologies (interventional radiology).

The use of radiation can also make it possible to destroy cancer cells (radiotherapy).

In the medical field, imagery is used daily, for countless indications.

According to the French Society of Radiology, radiology is used more and more to guide interventions. Interventional radiology or imaging guidance can have:

• Diagnostic purposes: punctures, biopsies
• Therapeutic purposes.

The radiography vector uses an X-ray emitting source which is positioned in front of the body area to be radiographed. A detector is placed on the other side, to capture the rays after they have passed through the tissue.

The exam is painless and quick.

In some cases, contrast media (or contrast media) are used, for example, iodine or barium sulfate, which are opaque to X-rays. By injecting them into a vein, for example, they will "color" certain parts of the body and allow them to stand out on the pictures.

What results can we expect from radiology?

As we have seen, radiology techniques are essential for the diagnosis and treatment of many conditions.

They allow in particular to identify cancers, fractures, deformities, lesions of all kinds (arthritis, vascular anomalies, etc.).

However, imaging tests are expensive and are still prescribed for specific indications.

In addition, since X-rays can be harmful to tissues, especially at high doses or during repeated exposures, measures are taken to minimize patient exposure. It is also important to report to the doctor any pregnancy or doubt of pregnancy. The SFR recalls, however, that a simple radiographic photograph "corresponds on average to the average natural exposure (of the sun) suffered during a 4-hour trip by plane.”

Where possible, non-irradiating techniques (ultrasound imaging and magnetic resonance imaging) are recommended. Before undergoing an ultrasound, it is also suggested to know the ultrasound test price in Delhi first.

Manifestations of many diseases take us by surprise, change our plans, disturb. On the one hand, the symptoms themselves can scare, and on the other, the need for a diagnosis. CT, MRI, ultrasound, and X-ray - is it harmful or not? And why several - is it possible to do one thing? What do you need to know about the most common methods of medical imaging today? How do they differ from each other? Which diagnostic method is right for you?

In the arsenal of modern doctors, there are many diagnostic methods. At the same time, more and more people are talking about overdiagnosis. How does the patient understand that the study is really necessary? In what cases are CT, MRI, ultrasound, and x-rays prescribed?

On overdiagnosis in relation to the patient, we can talk in the case of self-designation. When patients who have some kind of complaints, they prescribe themselves some kind of examination without consulting a doctor- for example, after reading some article on the Internet.

The moment determining the choice of a diagnostic method is the estimated area of ​​damage. For example, if pathology from the pulmonary system is suspected, then the primary method will be radiological. The use of MRI, in this case, is impractical.

Therefore, before undergoing a study, it is better to first see a doctor, and then undergo one or another additional examination by MRI scan centre in New Delhi- both laboratory tests and instrumental diagnostics (ultrasound, CT, etc.). The only way is it possible, on the one hand, to be immediately examined purposefully, and on the other, to avoid unreasonable (often very tangible) material and time costs.

- Each of these research methods has a radiation load on the body?

No, only methods based on x-ray radiation (in particular fluorography, fluoroscopy, and radiography, CT). Ultrasound and MRI do not carry any radiation load, as they are based on other physical phenomena that have nothing to do with radiation.

- Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, ultrasound and x-ray - which of these research methods is the safest, and which is the most informative?

The safest of them is an ultrasound scan, and also, in the absence of contraindications, an MRI. In terms of information, CT and MRI will be the leaders, but each in its “nomination”. For example, to detail the pathology of the lungs, CT is most informative, while when examining the brain- MRI.

- Is it true that to clarify the diagnosis, only one diagnostic method is not enough?

If we talk not only about the methods discussed above but about diagnostics in principle, then most often - yes. Diagnosis is a multi-component process. For example, an ultrasound revealed some kind of formation. To clarify its nature, MRI may be needed. Suppose tomography showed the presence of a tumor. But what kind of tumor is it? To answer this question, a biopsy may be necessary, sometimes even a diagnostic operation.

- If the patient has an alternative between CT and MRI - what to choose?

Again, it depends on what area of ​​the body, organ (s) are planned to be examined. If, for example, we are talking about the head or spine, then an MRI will be preferable. Often you can hear the question of what is the difference between MRI and CT scan cost in Delhi NCR, and which one is better. The basis of CT is the principle of x-ray radiation, and MRI - of the magnetic field. Both methods solve their own range of diagnostic tasks, and, if necessary, complement each other.

Prostate ultrasound with biopsy is an examination aimed at drawing up a diagnosis in relation to the state of the prostate following the manifestation of certain disorders including urination difficulties, a feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder, burning, etc.

This diagnostic test is invasive in that the prostate gland is located behind the bladder and needs to be examined to make it visible to the ultrasound system through a cannula that fits into the anus.

The reasons why prostate ultrasound test in Delhi is required with biopsy are different and among these are the high PSA values, the early diagnosis of prostate cancer, the control that is generally carried out after the age of 50 for preventive purposes, to investigate the possible causes of infertility in which prostatic activity is also connected.

The biopsy, that is the taking of a small quantity of tissues to be analysed histologically, becomes necessary when the presence of cells that could lead to a diagnosis of cancer is suspected, following the alteration of the value relative to the PSA, an acronym that is for "prostate specific antigen", but also after observing new growths during a rectal exploration.

Before the prostatic ultrasound with biopsy it is necessary that the patient prepares in time and in this he is followed by the urologist. It is necessary to take antibiotic therapy against potential infections in biopsy a few days before and suspend all those drugs that could interfere with blood coagulation. The suspension times are always related to the dispositions of the urologist in relation to the age and the concomitant pathologies presented by the same patient.

For the particularity of the execution of the prostate ultrasound test in Delhi it is good to have the bladder full that is to avoid going to the bathroom at least an hour before, and not to be fasting. The best view of the prostate requires that the canal be cleaned of any remaining stools. To do this it is necessary to perform an enema at least 3 hours before the diagnostic examination or, alternatively, to use glycerine suppositories both the previous evening and in the morning.

Of course, while this test is taking place, the patient will be naked and curled up in a foetal position with the legs drawn towards the chest.

Prostate ultrasound with biopsy involves local anaesthesia that affects both the superficial tissues and the area near the prostate so that the patient feels the least discomfort possible. The anesthetic is injected into the perineal area between the anus and the scrotum and in the following days it is possible for a small hematoma to appear which is reabsorbed within a short time.

Prostatic ultrasonography with biopsy is then carried out transrectally, then introducing a suitably covered probe with a latex glove sprinkled with a lubricating gel liquid, which relieves discomfort in the walls of the rectum.

For biopsy with a prostate ultrasound first the doctor performs a manual rectal inspection and then uses a thin catheter through which a sort of needle is inserted that will take the tissues to be analyzed in various areas of the gland, so as to have a significant sample. All this in conjunction with ultrasound that serves to visualize the affected area.

The ultrasound is a medical imaging technique based on the use of ultrasound, by which we can "see" inside the body. The ultrasound of the prostate, the gland just below the bladder in men and participating in the production of sperm, can be done in two ways:

For suprapubic: externally, by placing the probe above the pubis

By the endorectal route: internally, by introducing the probe into the rectum. Prostate ultrasound test in Delhi by the endorectal approach is more precise and allows to obtain a better image of the prostate. It also makes it possible to evaluate more precisely the volume of the gland as well as its "texture" and that of the accessory glands (seminal vesicles).

There are three major diseases of the prostate:

Prostatitis is an infection of the prostate. This infection occurs most often in young men;

If the prostate becomes too big, this disease is called adenoma of the prostate (adenoma means an abnormality of a gland) or benign prostatic hypertrophy (hypertrophy means excessive volume increase of an organ). In everyday language, men who have problems urinating because their prostate is too big and compresses the urethra say "I have prostate";

Finally, prostate cancer is common, especially after the age of 50. But it is not necessarily serious if it is detected early enough.

Why have an endorectal ultrasound?

Ultrasonography is a painless, non-invasive examination and is therefore first-line when the doctor suspects an abnormality in the prostate.

This can be the case:

After a rectal examination highlighting an abnormality (mass or hypertrophy) of the prostate

In the case of urinary symptoms (frequent urge and emission of a small amount of urine, pain during urination, urinary tract infection, difficulty urinating, etc.)

In the case of dosing showing an abnormal value of PSA (prostate antigen)

To diagnose benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

To guide the doctor when performing a biopsy and to help him visually detect suspicious areas to better target specimens

In addition to biopsies, ultrasonography is mainly used to assess prostatic volume, which tends to increase with age, which can lead to urinary discomfort (benign prostatic hypertrophy).

Examination

Ultrasound involves exposing the tissues or organs that one wishes to observe to ultrasonic waves. It does not require any preparation or anesthesia. For endorectal ultrasound, an elongate (pencil-shaped) probe is used, covered with a condom, and lubricated. It is inserted shallow into the anus, the patient lying on his side, knees bent.

If a biopsy is performed at the same time, the doctor introduces a needle into the prostate, through the wall of the rectum, guided by ultrasound.

What results can be expected from an endorectal ultrasound of the prostate?

Whether it is to perform biopsies or to evaluate prostate volume, prostate ultrasound test in Delhi helps to diagnose prostate conditions, such as cancer (through biopsies) or benign prostatic hypertrophy. The choice of treatment will depend on the diagnosis but also the age of the patient, different risk factors, etc. In the case of hypertrophy of the troublesome prostate, several drugs may be prescribed, including alpha-blockers and phytotherapy products.

In 2019, as per the American Cancer Society, about 52,070 new cases of thyroid cancer (14,260 in men and 37,810 in women) will be diagnosed in the United States. In addition, about 2170 people will die due to this tumor (1,020 men and 1,150 women). The mortality rate of thyroid cancer has been fairly stable for many years, and it remains very low compared to other cancers.

The increase in the amount of patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer is attributed to an increase in the use of the highest quality diagnostic technology, as well as to the routine use of ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration puncture (FNA). There ultrasound test cost in Delhi vary differently.

Many of the thyroid cancers are diagnosed incidentally when a patient undergoes an imaging test (computed tomography, an MRI, a positron emission tomography, or a neck ultrasound) for a reason unrelated to the thyroid. This allows today to identify cases that previously went unnoticed because they are small tumors.

Therefore, early detection of this condition implies the possibility of having more options for its treatment. One of the first tests performed by the specialist to explore the thyroid gland is manual exploration, in order to notice any abnormal mass. This type of exam usually shows a high percentage of packages, although everything depends on the conditions of each person or their complexion.

For example, in patients with obesity problems, it is more difficult to access the gland through palpation. Other times, the nodules are small or more hidden. In these cases, other studies are carried out to identify the nodules.

The most important imaging test used in the neck is high definition ultrasound, both for its accessibility and equipment economy and for its safety, since there is no exposure to any type of radiation. It is a quick and simple system, in addition to one of the most effective to confirm or rule out if a person has thyroid tumours, thanks to its greater accuracy.

Once the nodules have been identified - either because the doctor has noticed a mass on manual palpation or through an ultrasound - the next step is to find out the nature of that lesion. For this, the PAAF is used. This technique is simple, painless, safe, and highly reliable, which usually guides the expert on whether it is a nodule is benign or malignant. The procedure involves pricking the cyst and extracting a sample of cells to analyse them. Before having an ultrasound, it is good to know about the ultrasound test price first.

95% of thyroid tumours are benign, and, however, the diagnosis is sometimes neither easy nor obvious. In fact, there are cases where the malignant features of the cells are not defined. However, specialists generally have a series of guidelines to identify whether or not it is an injury that may affect the patient's health.

In short, it is important to go to the doctor at the slightest indication or suspicion, so that he can do the necessary tests, monitor the nodules or, failing that, start the treatment or removal of the thyroid gland.